Bee pollen is a complex matrix containing: proteins (10-40%), carbohydrates (13-55%), lipids (1-13%), vitamins (B-complex, C, E), minerals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, S), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin), phenolic acids, enzymes, and carotenoids. The menopausal symptom relief mechanism is unclear, the Femal extract used in trials is NOT estrogenic (tested), suggesting it works through alternative pathways (possibly serotonergic or anti-inflammatory). The antioxidant activity comes from the flavonoid fraction. The hepatoprotective effects are attributed to flavonoid-mediated reduction of oxidative stress and NF-κB inhibition.
No pharmacological critical interactions identified. PRIMARY RISK IS ALLERGIC/ANAPHYLACTIC.
Independently graded against 178,763 indexed supplements and 757 reviewed supplement and medication pairs, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.